MS-DOS, Windows and Word are trademarks of Microsoft Corporation.

WordPerfect is a trademark of WordPerfect Corporation, Novell, Inc. and Corel Corporation.

Most of the content of these notes is based upon the author's personal knowledge of these operating systems and applications. Reference was made to the on-line help screens furnished with the software ( 1991-1994 Novell, Inc. and 1983-1994 Micr osoft Corporation). Graphics from Corel Draw, WordPerfect Text Art, or captured from Windows or WordPerfect screens.

Table of Contents

Your Computer

Monitor or Display, Keyboard, Mouse, Main Unit or "Box" (Memory or RAM, Disk Drives, Disk Operating System), Printer, Other Peripherals, Networks

Starting Your Computer

Turning Off Your Computer

If the Computer Freezes

Basic DOS

File Names, Directory Structure

Formatting Floppy Diskettes

Starting Windows

Program Manager - The Windows Desktop

Control Bar, Title Bar, Sizing Buttons, Menu Bar, Windows, Icons, Scroll Bars, Menus, Dialog Boxes

The Mouse and Pointer

Point, Click, Double-click, Drag

Closing Windows

File Manager

MS-DOS Prompt

Control Panel

Print Manager

Other Windows Programs

Switching Between Applications

Windows Clipboard

Starting Word Processing

Exit or Quit WordPerfect or Word

Creating, Saving, Opening and Closing Documents

Create a New Document, Saving Documents, Open an Existing Document, Opening Several Documents, Closing Documents, Open/Close Options

Printing the Document

Undo or "How to Cancel What I Just Did"

Reveal Codes or "What Am I Doing?"

Spell Check, Thesaurus, Grammar

Spell Check, Thesaurus, Grammar Check

Deleting, Copying, or Moving Text

Selecting Text, Cutting, Copy Text, Paste Text, Moving Text, Find and Replace

Fonts and Effects

Fonts, Size of Text, Bold, Underline, Italics, Convert Case

Margins and Tabs

Other Page Layout Tools

Line Spacing, Advance, Justification, Bullets, Page Numbering, Graphics - WordPerfect (Figure, Text Box, Custom Box, Text Art), Graphics - Word, Lines, Borders, Keeping Text Together, Tables, Center Page, Make Fit, etc.

Columns

Portrait vs. Landscape Orientations

Envelopes and Labels

Merge / Form Letters

Booklets and Sub-Divided Pages

Headers, Footers, Watermarks

Making Work Easier

Macros, Comments/Annotations, Templates

WordPerfect Keyboard Shortcuts

Word Keyboard Shortcuts

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Your Computer

The computer is merely a tool to help you get your work done. You have probably already learned to use tools like the typewriter, calculator, copier, and fax. To use one of these machines, you have to know the location of the parts or components and how to use them. The computer is no different. Once you understand the parts, you can make it do the work you need it to do.

The "Monitor" or "Display" is the television set you use to view what's happening inside the computer.

The monitor typically has a power on/off switch a rocker switch on the side or back; perhaps a push-button on the front. There are also controls for brightness or intensity, contrast or color, and a set of controls for positioning the image left, right , up, and down and for adjusting the size. A monitor usually has two cords coming from the back of it one for the AC power (usually permanently attached at the monitor, but sometimes detachable); the other cable plugs into the "monitor port" of the "m ain unit." The 15-pin D-shaped connectors can connect to only one jack on the back of the computer. Position the monitor at a location comfortable for viewing which minimizes eye strain and fatigue.

Monitors display monochrome (a single color, usually green or amber TFT) or color (CGA or EGA). Recent-vintage monitors are called VGA (video graphics array). They have "resolutions" such as 640x480 (VGA), 800x640 (Super-VGA), 1024x768 and even 1280x10 24. These "resolutions" are simply the number of pixels (dots) the monitor can display horizontally and vertically. The numbers are in a 4:3 ratio (four units of horizontal width for each three units of vertical height the same as your home television set). However, the resolutions for computer monitors are much higher than for television (the "picture a computer monitor displays is of much more quality than the home television). Like television, computer monitors display 30 frames per second. An interlaced monitor works like your television set, displaying half the lines of the picture, then coming back and displaying the other half (60 half-frames per second). A non-interlaced monitor displays the whole frame in one pass.

The "Keyboard" has a fairly-standard typewriter-style keyboard.

• "Function keys" numbered F1-F12 are above the main keys. Some computers have F1-F10 on the left side of the keyboard. The use of these keys are set by the application software. For instance, F1 is typically used to retrieve a "help screen." The F3 is used at the C:\> prompt to repeat the previous command.
• A set of six keys labeled "insert," "delete," "home," "end," "PgUp," and "PgDn." "Insert" toggles between insertion mode (push right) and overstrike (type over) modes. "Delete" removes the character to the right the insertion point (cursor position) (contrast this to the "Back Space" key which deletes the character to the left of the insertion point.
• A set of arrow keys, which control the location of the "cursor" or "insertion point" on the screen.
• A numeric keypad, similar to the one on a calculator is on the right side of the keyboard. The "Num Lock" key must be toggled to the "on" position (see the "Num Lock" light right above the keypad) for the numbers to be active. If "Num Lock" is toggl ed off, the keypad reverts to the old PC/XT arrow key actions.
• The "Esc" key is in the upper left corner of the keyboard.
• A cluster of keys labeled "Print Scrn/Sys Req," "Scroll Lock," and "Pause/Break" are in the upper right corner of the keyboard, along with lights which show the status of "Num Lock," "Caps Lock," and "Scroll Lock."
• The "\" and "|" key. The "\" is called "back-slash" and is not the one under the question mark.

Position the keyboard at a comfortable angle for typing and for use in conjunction with the monitor. One cable, usually coiled, runs between the keyboard and the computer. There is only one connector on the computer which will accept the cord.

The "Mouse" is used in Windows for moving the "cursor" or "insertion point." The left button is used for clicking and double-clicking (two clicks in rapid succession). The mouse is usually positioned to the just to the right of the keyb oard (for a right-handed person). The mouse should be used in an area about 6" by 6" or less with simple movements of the wrist. If the mouse does not respond the way you prefer, choose the Windows "Main" group, then "Control Panel," and finally "Mouse. "

If the mouse has a round connector about -1/4" diameter, it usually has only one connector on the computer in which it can plug. If it has a 9-position (usually 5 pins inserted) D-shaped plug, it usually goes in the jack labeled "COM 1" (shown at lef t).

The "Main Unit" or "Box" are two of many terms used to describe the collection of components which make the computer run. This unit typically sits under or beside the monitor or on the floor. In addition to the AC power cord, cables from ever y device or peripheral connected to the computer come to this unit. The "main unit" or "box" houses the "motherboard" or "main board", which holds the electronic chips such as the central processor unit (CPU) unit, random access memory (RAM), and the ba sic input-output system (BIOS), as well as the circuitry which makes them work together. The "motherboard" is usually affixed near the base of the case. The motherboard has several "expansion slots" for "boards" or "interfaces" such as the monitor, prin ter, modem, network, etc.

Memory or RAM holds the data currently being processed by the computer. Memory is volatile if the power goes off, the data is lost. PCs have 640 kilobytes (640k) or base RAM and usually several Megabytes (eg. 4-MB, 8-MB or 16-MB) of total memor y.

Disk Drives are used for storage because they record data (the process is not too dissimilar from the process used to record voice or music on tape). If the power goes off, the data remains recorded. Only if the disk drive "crashes" or is "reform atted" is the data lost. Disk drives hold "files," some of which may be data and some of which may be programs. Disks have either removable media or non-removable media.

	The most common "removable media" is the "diskette." Early diskettes were a flexible 5-1/4" square plastic package that would bend and flex, thus acquiring the moniker "floppy diskettes." The media is a thin round flexible surface similar to magnet ic recording tape about 5" in diameter. Early diskettes were single-sided single-density (SSSD) and held 160,000 or 180,000 characters (160 Kilobytes or 180kB). The next improvement, double-sided double density (DSDD), took capacities to 360kB. Later 5- 1/4" media increased capacity to 1200kB or 1.2MB (1.2 Megabytes is about 1,200,000 characters) using double-sided quad-density media (DSHD or DSQD or DS4D).
	The newer 3-1/2" diskettes are still called "floppy" because the media inside is still the thin flexible recording surface. Early DSDD diskettes held 720kb. Newer HD (DSHD) hold 1.44MB (1,440 kB) and are sometime labeled 2.0MB unformatted capacity.< /TD>
	"Hard disk drives" are "non-removable media" with a rigid surface sealed inside the disk drive unit. The disk drive unit is usually mounted inside the "main unit" of the computer, but may be mou nted in an "external bay." Hard disk drives are usually measured in Megabytes, with a Megabyte being approximately one million characters. Early units were 5 or 10 MB. Newer units of 540MB, 850MB, 1.2GB (a Gigabyte is 1,000 Megabytes), 1.6GB, and even 2.0GB are common.

The Disk Operating System (DOS) is installed on the hard disk drive. That is the basic group of programs which make all the components of the computer system work together. Windows is an application program/operating system which is also installe d on the hard disk drive.

On the back of the main unit, you can usually see vertical "slots" where these boards are or can be placed. Inside the case, cables from the power supply furnish 12 volts and 5 volts DC to the motherboard and to the disk drives.

The "Printer" is used for a paper copy of your work. There are three common types of printers.

Printer Comparison Chart

,, ,,

Dot Matrix	Ink Jet	Laser
Pins in the print head strike the ribbon to transfer ink to the paper.	Ink is sprayed onto the paper.	Like a copier, the image is "offset" from a drum onto the paper.
Ribbons are very inexpensive per character.	Ink cartridges use a liquid ink. Cost per character is fairly high.	Ink cartridges use power. Price per character is moderate.
Text quality from 9-pin heads is low and images are poor. Text quality from 24-pin heads is good and images are fair.	Text quality is very good. Graphics quality is fairly good. Color images are good.	Text quality is excellent. Graphics quality is good. Color is good, but too expensive for most users.
Can print carbon copies.	No carbon copies; print multiple originals.	No carbon copies; print multiple originals.
Typical cost: $200 - $400.	Typical cost: $250 - $800	Typical cost: $300 - $1,500

The printer has an AC power cord (often detachable). The "printer cable" runs from the "Centronics" connector on the back of the printer to a jack on the back of the computer, usually labeled "LPT 1" (jack on computer shown at left). The printer sho uld be positioned at a convenient location. Also important is the source of paper. Continuous form dot-matrix printers typically have a box of paper on or near the floor feeding up to the back or under side of the printer; the sprockets on a tractor-fee d go through holes in the side of the paper to control the motion of the paper through the printer. Laser and ink jet printers usually have trays in which standard single-sheet paper is placed.

Other Peripherals serve special purposes. Some examples are:

• Network Interface Card allows your computer to connect to a network (discussed below). Usually called "Ethernet" or "Token Ring." Some "network cards" are "terminal emulators."
• CD-ROM Drive allows you to play compact disks which contain computer programs. Typically capacity of a CD-ROM is over 600 Megabytes.
• Modem allow your computer to communicate over the telephone line to another computer with a modem.

When peripherals are external, they usually have an AC power cord and a cable that goes to a connector on the "main unit."

Networks allow you to share resources such as hard disk drives and printers. Common databases at a centrally-located computer can be accessed or updated by field offices.

The Internet URL for the Title IV-E Child and Family Welfare Technology Project is http://mulerider.saumag.edu/ and can be accessed with a web browser.

Trouble-Shooting:

Here is a short check-list to follow if your computer won't work properly:

1. Check power connectors.
2. Check cable connections between peripherals.
3. If most of the computer seems to be running, but you don't see anything on the monitor, check the monitor's brightness and contrast settings to see if they have been moved to a point where the text doesn't appear.
4. If anything about the computer has changed recently, did those changes affect the situation?

If the system doesn't work, it's probably time to call your technical support person. Give a description of what is wrong. For example, say "My main computer unit won't come on. I do not hear the fan running. I've checked the outlet and power cord. O ther peripherals plugged into the power strip seem fine."

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Starting Your Computer

Arkansas' computer service department evidently say to turn on the monitor, printer and other peripherals and then the main box of the computer. Leave the surge-protection power strip turned on.

Note: On my PC, I leave all the components turned on and turn the power strip on and off. When it's stormy, I unplug the power plug from the wall outlet. I also use an uninterruptable power supply (UPS). The UPS uses batteries and an "in verter" to provide AC power when the power decreases ("brown-out") or fails ("black-out"). This extra few minutes allows time for an orderly shutdown.

When MS-DOS based computers are turned on, they go through the "bootstrapping" process, more commonly referred to as "booting the computer." Several messages come across the screen. The first of these messages (usually "device drivers" which establish c onnections with things like CD-ROM) originate from commands in the CONFIG.SYS file. The next group (usually SET parameters for programs, virus checks, hard disk drive checks, etc.) originate from commands in the AUTOEXEC.BAT file.

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Turning Off Your Computer

Don't turn off your computer unless you properly shut it down.

• Close or exit all programs.
• Close Windows
• Be at the C:\> prompt.

Always be at the C:\> prompt when you turn off your computer (explained below under "Basic DOS").

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If the Computer Freezes

If your computer stops responding, try this sequence:

• Press the "Esc" key. Sometimes this will abort the current routine and jump to the next. If this works, it's probably a good idea to save your work and exit the program.
• Try Ctrl-C or Ctrl-Break (Hold down "Ctrl: then tap and release the "C" (or "Break") key). Once again if this works, it's probably a good idea to save your work and exit the program.
• Try Ctrl-Alt-Del (Hold down both the "Ctrl" and "Alt" keys. Then tap and release "Del"). This is a "warm reboot" from DOS. In Windows, you should see a screen telling you the application has quit responding and giving you the opportunity to close i t. If this works, save your work (preferably to a different file name), close windows, quit to DOS and reboot the computer.
• Press the reset key or turn off the computer. This means you have probably lost your work. Do this only as a last resort.

Trouble-Shooting:

If your computer or peripheral won't start at all, it's probably because the power is disconnected. Check all the power cables for adequate connection.

CAUTION:

AC power outlets at the wall, extension cords, power strips, etc. contain enough voltage and amperage to cause a fatal injury. Always exercise extreme caution when using AC power.

Programs which may assist you in finding problems:

• EDIT Text editor. Especially useful in modifying the AUTOEXEC.BAT or CONFIG.SYS files. Commands:

         EDIT AUTOEXEC.BAT
         EDIT CONFIG.SYS
  

• MSD Microsoft Diagnostics. Especially useful to determine if interrupts (IRQs) are conflicting, preventing devices for working properly.

If you suspect the hard disk drive is giving problems, exit Windows to the C:\> prompt and enter a command such as

   CHKDSK /F

(if you are asked "Convert lost chains into files (Y/N)?", respond "N"), or

   SCANDISK /AUTOFIX /NOSUMMARY

(and let SCANDISK do a surface scan, or whatever else it wants to do). These commands check the quality of your hard disk drive. It doesn't hurt to run them often, even to the extent of each time the computer boots.

The "virtual memory" may also be acting up. This is when Windows "spools" memory from RAM to the hard disk drive when the RAM is full. To adjust virtual memory, choose "Main" from the Program Manager, followed by Control Panel and then 386Enhanced, then click on the "Virtual Memory" button. At issue is whether the "swap" file is temporary (slower - it must be initialized each time Windows starts) or permanent (faster - it's created once, but stays on your hard disk drive) and the size of the file. Gen erally, Windows does a pretty good job picking the proper size for you.

I recommend that each month you do the "SCANDISK" with the surface scan and the "DEFRAG" (configure for a full optimization, then begin).

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Basic DOS

DOS means disk operating system. The disk operating system is the basic traffic controller for your computer system.

MS-DOS is the DOS written by Microsoft and PC-DOS is the DOS written by IBM Corporation. A disk operating structure has the structure for file names and directories.

File Names

The computer records your information and stores them on the disk drive in files. You can usually think of a file as the storage place for a document.

File names in DOS versions through 6.2 and Windows versions through 3.11 consist of one to eight letters or numbers and optionally by a period (often called "dot"), and then one to three more characters. Valid file names similar to:

   MYNAME
   MYNAME.TXT
   YOURNAME.DOC
   1

The space and some punctuation marks (especially "*", "?", "/", and "\" may not be included in file name. Valid characters include the hyphen ("-") and the underscore/underline ("_"). Use only one dot (".").

   MY-NAME
   MY_NAME.TXT
   123-456.789

The characters which follow the period/dot are called the "extension" and are often used to group files into meaningful groups. For example, .EXE and .COM are used for programs, while .BAT are used for the text files which list program names in an order to be executed. .WPD is a common extension for WordPerfect files and .DBF for dBASE files. Windows libraries include .DLL and .VXD files.

It doesn't matter in DOS version through 6.2 and Windows 3.11 whether the characters are in upper or lower case. If you have Windows 95, file names may be much longer and may include spaces if the application program permits the longer file names.

Directory Structure

The disk operating system utilizes directories (also called "folders") to organize files. You can often think of a directory as a file folder in which several documents (files) are stored.

Directory names have the same characteristics of file names, but seldom use the extension. Several directories, or sub-directories, may be under a directory.

The complete path to a file is composed of these elements:

• The name of the disk drive (eg. C:). If not specified, the current drive is assumed
• The "\" backslash character (not the one under the question mark), which means "root". If not specified, the current directory is assumed.
• The first level directory, e.g. WINDOWS
• The "\" backslash character to separate the directory name from the next element
• The file name, or the name of the next directory plus a "\" backslash.

Here are some examples.

• First, the root directory. Think of the C: drive as a "virtual filing cabinet."

         C:\
  

• Here are three files which may be contained in the root directory. Think of these as in a "folder."

         C:\AUTOEXEC.BAT
         C:\CONFIG.SYS
         C:\COMMAND.COM
  

• Next, the DOS directory (which is a first-level directory) and one of the files it may contain. Think of this as drawer in a filing cabinet.

         C:\DOS
         C:\DOS\HIMEM.SYS
  

• Now, the Windows directory, one it it's files, the SYSTEM subdirectory and a file it may contain. Think of this as a second "virtual" drawer in the "virtual" filing cabinet.

         C:\WINDOWS
         C:\WINDOWS\WIN.COM
         C:\WINDOWS\SYSTEM
         C:\WINDOWS\SYSTEM\UNIDRV.DLL
  

• Finally, the WordPerfect directory, a subdirectory, and a file it may contain. WPWIN60 is a "third" virtual drawer in the filing cabinet, WPDOCS is like a folder inside that drawer (or maybe even a "virtual drawer" within the "virtual drawer"). And REPORT.WPD is the document within the folder (or drawer).

         C:\WPWIN60
         C:\WPWIN60\WPDOCS
         C:\WPWIN60\WPDOCS\REPORT.WPD
  

Any reasonable number of directories may be used, with directories or files under each directory.

The C:\> Prompt

The traditional way to access files is from the C:\> prompts. Commands such as DIR or COPY are followed by a space (delimiter) then parameters, which are often file names, and sometimes by other parameters or file names. Windows provides another way, ca lled the File Manager, which is discussed in that section.

If you see only C>, then you may enter the command

   PROMPT $P$G

to add the path and the greater-than symbol.

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Formatting Floppy Diskettes

Diskettes must be preparred (formatted) before they can be used. You may need to format a floppy diskette if the computer complains of "sector not found" or "data error reading drive A:".

Do NOT format a diskette that you know contains data unless you want to erase all the data on it. New diskettes are often pre-formatted and ready for use. If the diskette is formatted for the Macintosh, it can be reformatted for use in a PC (erasing all the data on it).

Do NOT attempt to format the hard disk drive. Doing so erases all the data on the drive and renders your computer useless.

You may use File Manager to format a floppy diskette. From the Windows Program Manager, choose Main, then File Manager. Choose Disk (Alt-D), then format a disk. You will see prompts similar to:

   Disk In       Drive A:
   Capacity  1.44 MB

If the drive is incorrect or the capacity is wrong, you may use the pull down options to change the setting. You also have the option to specify the "Label," which is simply the name of the diskette (if you don't name it, you will see phrases such as "u nnamed" or "Volume in Drive a has no label." You may also make the diskette a "bootable" system disk. Quick format allows you to reset the directories to empty, essentially purging all access to the files on the diskette (don't do this unless you reall y want to "wipe out" the diskette).

You may also format a diskette from the C:\> prompt in these situations:

• You have a 1.44 Meg 3.5" a: drive and a DSHD diskette:

     FORMAT A:
  

• You have a 1.44 Meg 3.5" drive, but only a DSDD (720k) diskette:

     FORMAT A: /F:720
  

• You have a 720k 3.5" a: drive and a DSDD diskette:

     FORMAT A:
  

• You have a 1.2 Meg 5.25" B: drive and a DSHD diskette:

     FORMAT B:
  

• You have a 1.2 Meg 5.25" B: drive, but only a DSDD (360k) diskette:

     FORMAT B: /F:360
  

  (Note: If you format a 360k diskette in a 1.2 Meg drive, the 360k diskette probably can not be read in a 360k drive, only a 1.2 Meg drive.)

You may want to include /V:DISKNAME to specify the name of the diskette; /S to tell the format program to make the diskette a bootable diskette (with the system on it); or /U to format the diskette regardless of what's already on it.

Trouble-Shooting:

Messages such as "Sector not found," "Invalid track 0," or "Data error reading drive A:" may indicate the diskette is bad. See if the diskette will format on another disk drive or another computer before disposing of the diskette.

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Starting Windows

After the startup messages, if your computer goes directly into Windows, the last line in your AUTOEXEC.BAT file was something like "WIN" which is the command to load Windows.

If your computer stops at the "C:\> prompt," you may need to enter the

   WIN

command to load Windows.

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Program Manager - The Windows Desktop

When Windows loads, you see the "desktop," a graphical user interface (GUI) which is an electronic representation of your desk. The desktop consists of these parts:

• The "Control Bar" a horizontal bar in the upper left corner of the screen. Typically used only when you want to quit Windows or switch programs. There is a smaller "control bar" in the upper left corner of each window. You may double-click on the control bar to close the window.

• The "Title Bar" the line at the top center of the screen. It initially shows the title "Program Manager," from which all Windows actions take place. It will then show the title of other programs and the open documents or files.

• The "Sizing Buttons" in the upper right corner of the screen. The first is a downward pointing triangle/arrow used to "minimize" or make smaller the size of the current window, perhaps making is disappear altogether. The othe r is usually a single upward pointing triangle/arrow used to "maximize" the current windows, perhaps taking it to full screen, but is sometimes a double triangle which is used to resize the window.

• The "Menu Bar" For "Program Manager," contains the options "File," "Options," "Windows," and "Help." There may be another resize button on the far right.

• One or more "Windows" decorated boxes with icons (drawings). Each of the Windows at the Program Manger is called a Program Group. Some of the standard Windows groups are "Main" (shown at right), "Accessories," and "Gam es." You'll also see other groups like "WordPerfect." A list of Windows is available by choosing "Windows" on the Menu Bar.

• One or more "Icons" figures which represent an application program or a file. Double-clicking an icon loads the application program or file.

• Perhaps one or two "Scroll Bars" on the bottom or on the right. Appear only when all the contents of the desktop will not fit on your monitor's screen at one time. If you click on the up or down triangle (or the left or right triangle), you will move a little at a time. Continue holding down the triangle to move more quickly. You may also click on the tab in the center of the scroll bar and drag it to move to a relative position inside the scroll.

• The mouse pointer, described below.

Menus and Dialog Boxes appear often. Each presents you with a choices, error messages or warnings. Some of the ways you enter information are:

• "Command Buttons" click this button to execute the choice. The most common are labeled "OK," "Cancel," and "Help." Click once on a button.

• "Radio Buttons" click in the small circle to choose this option.
• "Check Boxes" click in the small square to choose this option.

• "Text Boxes" in which you type text. Move the insertion point there first!

• "List Boxes" or "Pick Lists" contain a list of choices. Click on the downward pointing arrow (triangle) to see more choices. If you see ellipsis (". . ."), you can exp ect a dialog box expecting more information. If you see a rightward pointing triangle, expect another menu. You may type the character underlined to execute a choice (sometimes Alt plus the character). Some options show a keyboard shortcut to execute the commands.

Windows allows you to have several applications, or tasks, running at the same time. To add a second task, get to the Control Panel by using any of these options:

• Press Ctrl Esc and choose Program Manager from the "Task List," or
• Hold down Alt and press Tab repeatedly until the Program Manager is selected. Then release Alt.

You may then use the same method to switch between tasks.

Windows allows you to copy material to a clipboard then paste it into another application. This is usually done from an "edit" function in the first program and the paste function (Alt-V) in the destination program.

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The Mouse and Pointer

The mouse is a pointing device. You can think of it as the electronic extension of your hand that interfaces with the computer. The mouse gets it name because some imaginative people decided the small object's two buttons resembled eyes and the cord re sembled a tail.

When you roll a mouse around a surface of about 6" x 6", a "pointer" moves around the screen. The "pointer" has several shapes:

	The outline of a single arrow is used to point items.
	A solid double-arrow on the border of a window allows you to drag and resize the window. The double-arrow may be vertical, horizonal, or diagonal.
	The outline of a four-point arrow allows you to drag and move an object.
	The outline of a hand shows you have "grabbed" an object.
	A thin line that looks like the capital letter I, sometimes called an I-beam or a quill shows the current insertion point (the place at which the next character typed will be placed).
	An hour glass means Windows is loading a program or processing a command.

Here are some concepts:

• Point Move the pointer to a place on the screen.
• Click Quickly press and release the left mouse button. Click once to select the item.
• Double-click Quick press and release the left mouse button, quickly followed by another quick press and release. Double-click to select then execute and item (you could click once then press "Enter").
• Drag Click and hold the left mouse button. While holding, move the mouse to a new point, carrying (dragging) an "object" with the move. At the new location, release the mouse button. This is especially useful if you don't like the arrangem ent of the icons on your desktop and you want to move an icon from one program group to another. If you hold down the Ctrl key when you drag an icon, you will copy that icon.

You may change some of the timing of the mouse. At the Program Manager, choose Main, Control Panel, Mouse.

When you see multiple fields or prompts, you may press the "tab" key to quickly move from one field to the next. Alternative, you may click on the field at which you want to enter data.

When text is highlighted, it will be deleted when you press a key. For example, if the screen has highlighted:

       c:\wpwin60\wpdocs\jones\court.wpd

and you start to type notice.wpd, the first phrase will disappear as soon as you touch the n' key. If you only want to change court to notice, use your mouse to highlight just the word court then type notice. Alternatively, you can click once on the li ne then use the arrow keys to get to a character, press and hold "shift" while you use the arrow keys to highlight the text.

If you press Delete, you delete the character to the right of the insertion point. If you press Backspace, you delete the character to the left of the insertion point.

Trouble-Shooting:

Press F1 or choose Help (Alt-H) at any time.

If Windows will not load, it usually because of inadequate memory or because of a problem with the hard disk drive.

If Windows has loaded before, and nothing has changed inside your computer, then low RAM memory is probably not the problem. If you get "general protection fault" errors, memory is probably the problem, although the hard disk drive could be causing probl ems, too (see SCANDISK or CHKDSK).

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Closing Windows

Close Windows by using one of these options:

• Choose File (Alt-F), Exit Windows, or
• Click the horizontal Control Menu Bar in the upper left corner of the screen followed by Close, or
• Press Alt-F4.

Never turn off your computer when you are inside Windows. Doing so can seriously jeopardize the integrity of your hard disk drive and your data!

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File Manager

File Manager is a Windows application that helps you find, move, and remove files, and perform a few other tasks. At the Windows desktop, choose the Main windows and then File Manager. You can select file(s) on which you want to perform tasks such as re name, copy, or delete.

If you want to copy a file to a floppy diskette, select the file, then do File (Alt-F), Copy, and then at the "To:" text box, type a: and press Enter.

You can also bring up a second window. At the File Manager, choose Window (Alt-F), New. A second window appears, "cascaded" over the first. You may want to move it or choose the "Tile" option.

If you want to copy a file to a floppy diskette, like the preceding example, click on the "a:" button. Then, you can click on the file name in the first window, hold down the Ctrl key and drag the file into the second window.

You can close all but one window. To close the last window, you must close File Manager.

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MS-DOS Prompt

An MS-DOS prompt is available from within Windows by clicking the icon in the Main group. Type EXIT at one of the command prompts (eg. C:\WINDOWS>) to return to Windows.

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Control Panel

The "Control Panel" is also in the Main group. You may adjust the screen's appearance (screen saver, wallpaper, etc.) under "Desktop". The screen's color scheme is controlled under "Color." The "Mouse" section lets you adjust the sensitivity (how fast it moves) and double-click speeds.

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Print Manager

The "Print Manager" allows you to set up the printers for your system and specify their ports of connection. Normally, LPT1 is the name of the port for your computer. You may need to use "Connect..." and "Setup..." to make your connection (including "Op tions", especially if your computer is part of a network). When you choose your printer, click "Set As Default Printer" to make it the first-choice of printers.

If you "Add" a printer here, you usually need a diskette with the printer driver, plus one or more "Windows" diskettes (the diskettes that contain the program).

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Other Windows Programs

It is likely that several other useful programs are installed on your computer. For example, the Games program group lets you learn to use the mouse. Most of the principals which apply to Windows, WordPerfect or Word also apply to other Windows programs .

Common applications include:

• Spreadsheets accountant's work sheets
• Word Processors let you process the written word
• Graphics let you make presentations
• Databases store information
• Desktop Publishers let you print newsletters, etc.

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Switching Between Applications

Windows allows you to use more than one application at the same time. You may use several methods to select the application you want to have active at a given time.

• Minimize applications until you get to the Program Manager. Click and Restore if it has been minimized, too. Then select another application.
• Press and hold the "Alt" key while tapping "Tab" to display a dialog box in the center of the screen. Let off "Alt" when you see the application you want.

• Press Ctrl-Esc (hold down "Ctrl" then tap and release "Esc") to display the "Task List" box, then choose the application you want by clicking on it and then clicking the "Switch To" button, or by double-clicking on the choice.

  < IMG SRC="tasklist.gif" ALT="" ALIGN=RIGHT>

Programs such as WordPerfect and Word allow you to open multiple documents within the program. So, you don't need to run more than one copy of these programs at a time.

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Windows Clipboard

The Windows Clipboard allows you to cut or copy text or images (objects) from one program and temporarily hold them until you can paste them into another. This is the key to the cut and paste methods described below and also the key to copying from one p rogram to another.

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Starting Word Processing

Your word processing program will likely be either Novell WordPerfect* or Microsoft Word. Follow these steps to start WordPerfect or Word:

1. At Program Manager, if the WordPerfect or Word group is minimized (a small icon instead of a window), double-click the WordPerfect or Word group icon. If no icon is available, see the "Troubleshooting" section, below.
2. < /TR>

   In the group window, double-click on the WordPerfect icon, which looks like the tip of the fountain pen, or the Word icon, which is looks like a piece of paper with a flying "W".

* Corel acquired WordPerfect around 1995. Most of the offices using this manual have the Novell version.

WordPerfect or Word loads and starts a new document. At the top of the window is the "Title Bar."

• On WordPerfect, the phrase "[Document1 - unmodified]" appears. As soon as you type the first character, the word "unmodified" disappears.
• On Word, the phrase "Document 1" appears.

At the left of the "Title Bar" is the control-menu box to exit WordPerfect or Word. At the right are two icons. The one on the left (with just a downward-pointing triangle) is the WordPerfect or Word minimize button. The icon with upward- and downward- pointing triangles is the WordPerfect or Word restore button.

Just below it, on the "Menu Bar" is another dual triangle icon which is the document restore button.

WordPerfect and Word use various "Toolbars." Various icons can be displayed by choosing the "View" option on the Menu Bar. WordPerfect calls these tool bars the "Power Bar" (small icons) and the "Button Bar" (large icons), while Wor d calls it the "Standard Toolbar." Functions typically include the shortcuts to open a new window, open a document, save a document and print a document. Usually, the "buttons" also include cut, copy, paste, undo, bold, italic, underline, font se lection, font size, justification, line spacing, etc.

At the bottom of the screen is the "Status Bar." On the right (and perhaps at the bottom) is a "Scroll Bar." The "Insertion Point" is a vertical bar marking place at which the next action will take place. This may also be called the "cursor."

The mouse pointer will be an arrow when it is not on text. When it is in text, the pointer will look like a capital letter "I," resembling the quill of a pen. As soon as you begin typing, the pointer disappears.

Help !:

Press F1 or choose Help (Alt-H) at any time.

Trouble-Shooting:

If the Windows' Program Manager does not come up, see your notes on Windows.

If the WordPerfect or Word group is not on the Program Manager:

1. Use the scroll bars to see if the group is hidden off the screen.
2. Minimize the Program Manager to see if the group is hiding. (Double-click the Program Manager icon to bring it back)
3. Choose Window (Alt-W) and look for WordPerfect)
4. As a last resort, create the group using File (Alt-F), New, Program Group.

If the WordPerfect program icon is not in the WordPerfect Group:

1. Choose other program groups to see if the icon was accidentally moved to another group. If so, drag the icon back to the WordPerfect group. As a last resort, choose File (Alt-F), Run and browse until you find the WPWIN.EXE program.

If the Word program icon is not in the Word Group:

1. Choose other program groups to see if the icon was accidentally moved to another group. If so, drag the icon back to the Word group.
2. As a last resort, create the program icon using File (Alt-F), New, Program Item. The file should be in C:\, the WINWORD directory, and a file named WINWORD.EXE.
3. As a last resort, choose File (Alt-F), Run and browse until you find the WINWORD.EXE program.

Press F1 or choose Help (Alt-H) at any time.

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Exit or Quit WordPerfect or Word

Don't just turn off the computer when you finish. First, close your documents and save any changes.

Then, you are ready to exit using any of these methods:

• Double-click the "Control Menu" in the upper left corner of the screen, or
• Single-click the "Control Menu" and then choose Close, or
• In WordPerfect, press Alt-F4 when no documents are open, or
• In Word, choose Ctrl-W, or
• Choose File (Alt-F), Exit

If your document has changed and hasn't been changed, you will be prompted to save the changes.

Trouble-Shooting:

If WordPerfect or Word doesn't want to exit to the Program Manager, you still have documents open. Continue choosing File (Alt-F), Close or File (Alt-F), Exit until all documents are closed. Remember to save documents as files if you will need them agai n.

Press F1 or choose Help (Alt-H) at any time.

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Creating, Saving, Opening and Closing Documents

Create a New Document

You may create a new document using any of these methods:

• Start typing the text immediately on the new window that appears when the application first comes up, or
• Choose File (Alt-F), New (N), then type your text in the document area, or
• In WordPerfect 6.0 or Word 6.0, press Ctrl-N
• In WordPerfect 6.1, press Ctrl-T
• On the WordPerfect "Power Bar," click the "New Blank Document" icon (in 6.0, it looks like a blank page with the corner turned down)
• On the Word "Standard Tool Bar" click the "New" icon (looks like a blank page with the corner turned down).

When you type, do not press Enter at the end of each line. WordPerfect will automatically wrap the line at the correct location. Do press Enter at the end of a paragraph.

Saving Documents

You may save your document using any of these methods:

• On the WordPerfect "Power Bar" or the Word "Standard Tool Bar," click the icon with a diskette and the word "Save," or
• Choose File (Alt-F), Save, or
• Press Ctrl-S, or
• Choose File (Alt-F), Save As, or
• In WordPerfect press F3.

If the file has never been saved or if you choose "Save As." the "Save As" dialog box appears. Choose the disk drive, enter the name of the file, then click OK. DOS file names must be 1-8 characters (usually A-Z, 0-9), and may then contain a "dot" (".") followed by 1-3 additional characters (the last 3 are called the "extension").

If you choose "Save" and the file has already been saved, WordPerfect and Word will save the file without further dialog.

If you choose "Save As" and you want to save the file under another name or location, make the changes in the location or name, then click OK.

Open an Existing Document

You may open an existing document using any of these methods:

• Choose File (Alt-F), Open (O), or
• Ctrl-O, or
• On the WordPerfect "Power Bar" or the Word "Standard Tool Bar," click on the "Open" icon (in WordPerfect 6.0 and in Word, it looks like a file folder with an arrow going down).

The "Open File" dialog box appears. Choose the correct source drive, directory and filename (you may double-click on the filename), then click OK. The file opens in a document window.

Opening Several Documents at the Same Time

WordPerfect and Word allow you to open several documents, each in a different window. This is especially helpful if you want to:

• Work on second project while in the middle of the first, or
• Check the contents of another document for one or more facts, or
• Copy text from a second document into the current document.

Use any of the open document options to open additional documents. To switch between documents, use the Window (Alt-W) option for a list of all open documents. Click on one of the documents to put it into the active window.

Closing Documents

Use any of these methods to close a document:

• Double-click "Control Menu" (this is the short horizontal just under the longer horizontal bar in the upper left-hand corner of the screen), or
• Click on the "Control Menu," then choose Close, or
• Choose File (Alt-F), Close, or
• In Word, press Ctrl-W, or
• In WordPerfect, press Ctrl-F4

If the document has changed and you want to save the changes, be sure to follow the directions in the "Close" dialog box.

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Open/Close Options

• Drives a pull down selection near the lower right of the "Open" window. Use this to select the disk drive from which you want to retrieve a file or on which you want to save a file.
• Directories a scrolling list of the directories on the drive. Double-click on the one you want to view.
• File Options lets you copy, move, rename, or delete a file. You may also create or remove (delete) a directory.
• View lets you look at the first few lines of a file to see if it's the one you want to select.

Trouble-Shooting:

Normally, you will not have any problems if you save to the hard disk drive. If the disk drive fills, however, you will see an error message. If the hard disk drive gives an error, save your work to a floppy diskette. Work with your supervisor to remov e unnecessary files from the hard drive or to perform disk drive maintenance.

If you see an error message that a floppy diskette is not ready, invalid, or unformatted, the diskette has probably not been formatted. Format the diskette or use another diskette to save your work.

Press F1 or choose Help (Alt-H) at any time.

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Printing the Document

Before printing, save the document. Then, if any problems result from the attempt to print, your document will be secure.

You may print your document using any of these methods:

• Choose File (Alt-F), Print, or
• In WordPerfect 6.0, press F5, or
• In WordPerfect 6.1 or in Word, press Ctrl-P, or
• On the WordPerfect "Power Bar" on the Word "Standard Tool Bar," click the "Print" icon (in WordPerfect 6.0 and Word, it looks like a printer with a piece of paper at the top).

The "Print" dialog box appears. Normally, you may click on "Print." However, you may need to print less than the "Full Document", or need more than 1 copy. WordPerfect's "Options" let you do things like print a booklet.

Since WordPerfect is a WYSIWYG (What You See Is What You Get), there is not a print preview. If your document does not appear on the screen with the top, bottom, left, or right margins you expect, choose View (Alt-V), Page (or Alt-F5).

In Word, you may choose Alt-V (View), then Zoom to get a print preview.

Trouble-Shooting:

Windows-based word processing programs do not send data directly to the printer. Instead they send the data to the "Print Manager," which in turn sends the data to the printer. If your printer is set incorrectly in the print manager, you may get nothing but garbage. The Print Manager can be accessed from the Program Manager, Main Group. If there are more than one printers listed, the one highlighted will be the current one in use. Is this the name of your printer? If not, you may need to make change s. Options (Alt-O), Printer Setup allows you to specify the printer, connections, and other technical issues.

If your printing job halts midway, check to see if the printer is out of paper, has a paper jam, needs a new ribbon or cartridge, or has become disconnected. Check the Print Manager for "Pause" or "Idle" status and the names of the jobs (if any) listed u nder the printer.

Press F1 or choose Help (Alt-H) at any time.

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Undo, or "How to Cancel What I Just Did"

If you want to cancel what you just did, use any of these methods:

• Choose Edit (Alt-E), Undo
• Press Ctrl-Z.
• On the WordPerfect "Power Bar" or the Word "Standard Tool Bar," click the "Undo" icon (it's the U-turn arrow, usually pointing "back" to the left).

An alternative is any of these "Undelete" options:

• In WordPerfect, choose Edit (Alt-E), Undelete, or
• In WordPerfect, press Ctrl-Shift-Z, or
• In Word, press Ctrl-Z or Alt-Backspace

Each of the last three deletions will appear with each click on "Next."

Trouble-Shooting:

If all else fails, re-load the document you did save it occasionally while your worked, didn't you?

File (Alt-F), Preferences, File controls the "timed backup" interval and location of files.

Press F1 or choose Help (Alt-H) at any time.

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Reveal Codes or "What Am I Doing?"

When your word processing program doesn't want to do what you want it to do, there is probably a code embedded in the document that you did not know was there.

Word offers an icon with an arrow and the question mark. Point to the location where you need help and click that icon.

In WordPerfect, you may see the codes in the lower portion of your screen by using any of these methods to "Reveal Codes:"

• Choose View (Alt-V), Reveal Codes, or
• Press Alt-F3.

To remove a code in WordPerfect, use any of these methods:

• Click on the errant code, then drag it off the screen, or
• Position the cursor (a colored square typically appears) either before or after the code. If before, press "Delete" to remove it. If after, press "Backspace" to remove it.

You may want to use the Reveal Codes screen to position the insertion point to an exact location at which you want to begin typing additional text or placing a code.

To turn off Reveal Codes in WordPerfect, use any of these methods:

• Choose View (Alt-V), Reveal Codes, or
• Press Alt-F3.
• Move the insertion point to the separator bar between the document and the Reveal Codes section. When it turns to a double-sided arrow, drag it downward until the double arrow is below the codes. When you release, the codes disappear.

Trouble-Shooting:

In WordPerfect, select "Undo", then press F1 or choose Help (Alt-H) at any time.

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Spell Check, Thesaurus, Grammar

One of the greatest powers of an electronic word processing program is the ability to use tools to check spelling, look for similar words, and check grammar.

Spell Check

To use the spelling checker, use any of these methods:

• Choose Tools (Alt-T), Speller, or
• In WordPerfect, press Ctrl-F1, or
• In WordPerfect 6.0, from the "Power Bar," click the icon that looks like a book with a check mark, or
• In Word, press F7, or
• In Word, select the "ABC" button from the "Standard Tool Bar."

When the word processing program finds a word which is not in its word list, it will highlight the word and (usually) make suggestions for a replacement. Typical options are to click the "Replace" button to make the exchange. You may skip the wor d once or always in this document. If you need to change a word before the word highlighted on the screen, move the insertion point to that word, make the changes, then click resume. When you have typed a word you will be using often that does not appea r in the word list, you may want to add it to the word list. Close the speller if you get finished before it does. You may move the spell check window to another area of the screen if it hides the words you are trying to see.

Thesaurus

The thesaurus lets you find words with similar meanings. It is especially useful when you use the same word over and over. Use any of these methods to open the thesaurus:

• Choose Tools (Alt-T), Thesaurus, or
• In WordPerfect, press Alt-F1, or
• In Word, press Shift-F7, or
• In WordPerfect 6.0, from the "Power Bar," click the icon that looks like a book with the letter "T" inside.

The thesaurus routine typically highlights a word on the screen. In WordPerfect, if it's the wrong choice, enter it next to "Word:" and click "Look Up"), then displays three columns, with the first set of matches. If you click on one of the matches, a s econd column activates. Symbols such as [n] and [v] provide the part of speech (e.g. noun and verb) corresponding with the word. If you find a word you feel is better suited, click "Replace".

Grammar Check

The Grammatik grammar checker is one of the better programs on the market and has been included in WordPerfect for your convenience. Before starting, it's usually best to save your document so that you may come back to it if you don't like the changes Gr ammatik makes. Use any of these methods:

• In WordPerfect, choose tools (Alt-T), Grammatik, or
• In WordPerfect, press Alt-Shift-F1, or
• In WordPerfect 6.0, from the "Power Bar," click the icon that looks like a book with the letter "G" inside.
• In Word, choose Tools (Alt-T), Grammar.

In WordPerfect, the "Checking Style" at the bottom of the window determines the way Grammatik checks your writing style. Grammatik will attempt to rewrite your sentences to the style you have selected. It will also watch for what it thinks are misspelle d words. The options "Replace," "Skip Once," and "Skip Always" apply. Most users find that Grammatik will give them the same messages over and over until their writing style has changed to correspond with the program's style.

In Word, the grammar check routine checks and displays statistics. It gives you options to "Ignore" all or "Change" all.

Trouble-Shooting:

In WordPerfect, if someone adds a word to the spelling word list, but misspells it, you may have to edit the word list. Open the spell checker, then choose Dictionaries (Alt-D), Supplementary and choose the "wtspelus.sup" dictionary, then Edit. Find the wrong word, highlight it, then click "Delete."

Press F1 or choose Help (Alt-H) at any time.

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Deleting, Copying, or Moving Text

Selecting Text

In order to move, cut, or copy text, you must first select it.

One Word

In WordPerfect or Word, place the insertion point in the word and double-click the mouse button.

One Sentence

In WordPerfect, place the insertion point in the middle of the sentence and triple-click the mouse button, or choose Edit (Alt-E), Select, Sentence. In Word, place the insertion point in the middle of the sentence and hold down the Ctrl key when you click once.

One Paragraph

In WordPerfect, place the insertion point in the paragraph and quadruple-click the mouse button., or choose Edit (Alt-E), Select, Paragraph. In Word, place the insertion point in the paragraph and triple-click.

One Page

In WordPerfect or Word, choose Edit (Alt-E), Select, Page.

Entire Document>

In WordPerfect, choose Edit (Alt-E), Select, All. In Word, press Ctrl-A.

Several Lines

In most word processing programs, move the insertion point to the left margin of the document until it becomes an arrow. Click and drag the arrow down (or up) the document until all text has been selected.

Selected Words

In most word processing programs, move the insertion point to the first character you want to select. Then, drag the mouse to include the last character you want to select.

Cutting or Deleting Text

Select text. Then, use any of these methods to cut the text:

• Choose Edit (Alt-E), Cut, or
• Press Ctrl-X, or
• On the WordPerfect "Power Bar" or the Word "Standard Tool Bar," click the "Cut" icon (It usually looks like a pair of scissors).

The text disappears from the document. It is transferred to the Windows "Clipboard" (which allows you to paste it into the same or another document).

Copy Text Select text. Then, use any of these methods to copy the text: Edit (Alt-E), Copy, or Ctrl-C, or On the WordPerfect "Power Bar" or the Word "Standard Tool Bar," click the "Copy" icon (in WordPerfect 6.0, it looks like a camera. In WordPerfect 6.1 and Word it looks like two pieces of paper side-by-side). The text remains in the document and is copied to the Windows "Clipboard."

Paste Text Move the insertion point (cursor) to the point at which you want to place the text. Then, paste the text currently in the Windows "Clipboard" by using any of these methods: Choose Edit (Alt-E), Paste, or Press Ctrl-V, or On the WordPerfect "Power Bar" or the Word "Standard Tool Bar," click the "Paste" icon (In WordPerfect, it looks like a can of school paste; In Word, it looks like a clipboard and paper). The text appears.

Moving Text

Select the text you want to move. Move the mouse to point at the middle of the selected area. Press and hold the left mouse button. The pointer now becomes an arrow outline with a small rectangle attached this represents the text being moved. Drag t he text to the target location.

You may also move text by using the "cut" function followed by the "paste" function.

Find and Replace

When you need to replace all the occurrences of a word or phrase with another word or phrase, choose Edit (Alt-E), Find and Replace (in WordPerfect, you may press F2; In Word you may press Ctrl-H). Specify the target text and the replacement text. You may use the mouse to click on the second field, or you may press the "tab" key to move from the first field to the second.

You may select options to do all the replacements automatically or be prompted for each replacement.

If you are trying to replace all occurrences of "John Doe" with "Mary Smith," you should consider first replacing "Doe" with "Smith" then replacing "John" with "Mary".

Trouble-Shooting:

If you loose the text, it may still be available by using "Undo" (Alt-E, Undo).

Remember, the last text cut or copied is in the Windows Clipboard. It is available to any Windows program running on this computer.

Press F1 or choose Help (Alt-H) at any time.

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Fonts and Effects

Fonts

Begin by selecting the portion of your document to which you want to change the font. If you want to change the font for the entire document, move the insertion point to the very first of the document.

You may change the font for your document using any of these methods:

• In WordPerfect 6.0, choose Layout (Alt-L), Font, or
• In WordPerfect 6.1 or Word, choose Format (Alt-R), Font, or
• In WordPerfect, press F9, or
• In WordPerfect 6.0, click on the "FfF" icon. Choose the new font from the pull-down menu (use the scroll bar if necessary).
• In WordPerfect 6.1 at the "Power Bar" or in Word at the "Standard Tool Bar," click on the current font. Choose the new font from the pull-down menu (use the scroll bar if necessary).

Size of Text

Change the size of the text by using any of these methods:

• In WordPerfect 6.0, choose Layout (Alt-L), Font, or
• In WordPerfect 6.1 or Word, choose Format (Alt-R), Font, or
• In WordPerfect, press F9, or
• In WordPerfect 6.0, click on the icon with the up/down arrow and the letter "a". Choose the new font from the pull-down menu (use theif necessary).
• In WordPerfect 6.1 at the "Power Bar" or in Word at the "Standard Tool Bar," click on the current "point size" (e.g.. 12 pt). Choose the new font from the pull-down menu (use the scroll bar if necessary).

Bold

Select the text you want to place in bold face type. Then, use any of these methods:

• In WordPerfect 6.0, choose Layout (Alt-L), Font (or F9) and under "Appearance," check "Bold," or
• In WordPerfect 6.1 or Word, choose Format (Alt-R), Font (or F9 in WordPerfect) and under "Appearance," check "Bold," or
• Press Ctrl-B, or
• On the WordPerfect "Power Bar" or Word "Standard Tool Bar," choose "Bold" (it's usually a bold letter "B").

Underline

Select the text you want to underline. Then, use any of these methods:

• In WordPerfect 6.0, choose Layout (Alt-L), Font (or F9) and under "Appearance," check "Underline," or
• In WordPerfect 6.1 or Word, choose Format (Alt-R), Font (or F9 in WordPerfect) and under "Appearance," check "Underline," or
• Press Ctrl-C, or
• On the WordPerfect "Power Bar" or Word "Standard Tool Bar," choose "Underline" (it's usually the letter "U" underlined).

Italics

Select the text you want to place in italics. Then, use any of these methods:

• In WordPerfect 6.0, choose Layout (Alt-L), Font (or F9) and under "Appearance," check "Italics," or
• In WordPerfect 6.1 or Word, choose Format (Alt-R), Font (or F9 in WordPerfect) and under "Appearance," check "Italics," or
• Press Ctrl-I, or
• On the WordPerfect "Power Bar" or Word "Standard Tool Bar," choose "Italics" (it's usually an italicized letter "I").

Convert Case

You may highlight text, then change the text to all capitals, all lower case, or lower case with initial capitals. In WordPerfect, use the Edit (Alt-E), Convert Case. In Word, use Shift-F3 (or Format (Alt-R) Change Case) until the text appears the way y ou want it.

Trouble-Shooting:

Usually, you can remove these effects by highlighting the word or phrase, and issuing one of the commands again. In WordPerfect, you may have to Reveal Codes and delete the offending code. In Word, you may have to point to the problem area and choose th e help icon.

Press F1 or choose Help (Alt-H) at any time.

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Margins and Tabs

Margins

Move the insertion point to the point at which you want the new margins to take effect. Alternatively, select the text you want to affect with the change.

Use any of these methods to change the margin:

• At the "Ruler Bar," click and drag the left or right margin marker to the point at which you want to place the new margin. If the "Ruler Bar" is not showing in WordPerfect, you may choose View (Alt-V), Ruler Bar (or Alt-Shift-F3) to bring it up, or
• In WordPerfect 6.0, choose Layout (Alt-L), Margins (or press Ctrl-F8). The "Page Margins" window appears. Change the left, right, top or bottom margins. Then click "OK."
• In WordPerfect 6.1, choose Format (Alt-R), Margins (or press Ctrl-F8). The "Page Margins" window appears. Change the left, right, top or bottom margins. Then click "OK."

Tabs

In WordPerfect 6.0, tabs are set at Layout (Alt-L), Line, Tab Set. In WordPerfect 6.1, tabs are set at Format (Alt-R), Line, Tab Set. In Word, tabs are set at Format (Alt-R), Paragraph, Tabs.

Several options are available. For example, the default is a "left" tab, but you may use the pull-down menu at "Type" to select center, right, decimals, and dotted tabs (WordPerfect) or leaders (in Word).

If you are going to be working a lot with tabs and the WordPerfect "Ruler Bar" is not showing, choose View (Alt-V), Ruler Bar (or Alt-Shift-F3) to bring it up.

Add a Tab

Use any of these methods to set the tab:

• Pick a location on the "Ruler Bar" and click once at that position.
• At "Position," enter the numeric value of the position. If you want the tab to repeat, check "Repeat Every" and specify the interval. Click OK.
• In Word, the left/right/center icon is on the left side of the ruler bar. Choose one of the positions before clicking on the location.

Delete Tab(s)

At the "Ruler Bar," click and drag a tab marker downward, then release the mouse button.

Clear All Tabs

Use any of these methods to clear all tabs:

• If the WordPerfect "Ruler Bar" is set, double-click one of the tab markers (If you click too high, you see "Display Preferences" instead of "Tab Set"). Choose Clear All, or
• In WordPerfect, choose Format (Alt-R), Line, Tab Set, then Clear All.
• In Word, choose Format (Alt-R), Tabs, Clear All button.

Choose OK to close the dialog box.

Trouble-Shooting:

In WordPerfect, the setup determines the default margins and tabs. If you find you must change the margins or tabs for every document, change the defaults by creating a new template and loading it each time you start a document, or by editing the "standard" template. You may also want to use Layout (Alt-L) in 6.0 or Format (Alt-R) in 6.1, Document, Initial Codes Style.

Press F1 or choose Help (Alt-H) at any time.

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Other Page Layout Tools

Line Spacing

Normally, word processing programs single spaces the text you type. Sometimes, you may want double-spacing (or some other spacing).

• In WordPerfect 6.0, choose Layout (Alt-L), Line Spacing, or
• In WordPerfect 6.1, choose Format (Alt-R), Line Spacing, or
• In Word, choose Format (Alt-R), Paragraph, Line Spacing Pulldown, or
• In Word, press Ctrl-1 for single spacing, Ctrl-5 for 1.5 spacing, or Ctrl-2 for double spacing.

Advance

In WordPerfect, you may advance (move) text in most any direction by small amounts when you use the Layout (Alt-L) in 6.0 or Format (Alt-R) in 6.1, Typesetting Command. Choose Advance and then specify the distance from what kind of point to force the mov e.

Justification

In WordPerfect 6.0 choose Layout (Alt-L) or in WordPerfect 6.1 choose Format (Alt-F) then Justification to control the alignment of the left and right margins. "Left" leaves a "ragged right" margin, "Right" leaves the left margin ragged. "Center" aligns the text in the center (useful for posters). "Full" means align both left and right, but aligns the last line of a paragraph on the left only. "All" aligns all lines left and right, including the last line of a paragraph.

In Word, press Ctrl-J for full justification, Ctrl-L for left justification, Ctrl-R for right justification, or Ctrl-C for centered justification. You may also choose the icons on the "Standard Tool Bar."

Bullets

In WordPerfect, choose insert (Alt-I), Bullets & Numbering, then choose the bullet or number you want to insert. Click OK. If you check "New Bullet or Number on ENTER," WordPerfect automatically inserts the bullet or number each time you press the carr iage return (enter) key.

In Word, choose Format (Alt-R), Bullets for the bullet selection.

Page Numbering

In WordPerfect, first, position the insertion point (cursor) at the top of the document. Then, in WordPerfect 6.0, choose Layout (Alt-L); in WordPerfect 6.1, choose Format (Alt-R). Then choose Page, Numbering, pick the "Position" (location for the numbe r), and finally click OK.

In WordPerfect, it's also possible to use Insert (Alt-I), Other, Counter and create a special type of counter.

In Word, choose Insert (Alt-I), Page Numbering. Then specify a position and alignment.

Graphics - WordPerfect

Be sure the insertion point is at the location you want to place a graphic, then choose Graphics (Alt-G).

Several boxes are available.

Figure

allows you to insert an image that has already been created by a graphics programs. Common file extensions are .tif, .pcx, and .bmp files. See the "List Files by Type" option at the bottom of the window. When you choose the graphic , it appears on the screen. Four corners and four midpoints are highlighted, so you can move the graphic to the exact location, or resize it to fit the document. The four-point arrow is active when the pointer is positioned for a move.

Text Box

allows you to enter text, which you may easily move to another location in the document, or position around a graphic.

Custom Box

allows you to pick one of the graphics styles to do most anything you want, including a border (see below). As soon as you specify a figure box, you'll get a second power bar of options.

Text Art

You may want to create Text Art. Using this, you may enter text, then manipulate the formation, font, and color (if you have a color printer). When you are through, choose File (Alt-F), Update Word Perfect. Most likely, you will have to resize the graphic.

Place the pointer on a graphic you have placed into your document, then click the right mouse button for options such as edit, border/fill, captions, or positions. For example, the text box defaults to a thick line above and below the text. You may want to change the border to none, or maybe to a thick box. Or, you may want to put a fill in the box.

You can not select other graphics options when an object is selected. Point the mouse outside the object and click once; the Graphics menu will once again function.

You might want to open a new document (File, New) in which you create the graphic. When complete, just select the graphic, choose Edit (Alt-E), Copy to copy the graphic into the Windows clipboard. Switch to the main document, place the insertion point n ear the location you want the graphic, and Edit (Alt-E), Paste. You can then adjust the graphic to fit in the final place.

Graphics - Word

In Word, choose Insert (Alt-I), Object, then Create, New. You may insert a picture, insert a "frame," create a new picture from "Microsoft Word Art" or create from a file, similar to WordPerfect's options.

Lines

Horizontal, vertical or custom lines may be inserted into your document. Usually, you point to the style of line and click.

In WordPerfect, begin with Graphics (Alt-G), and then choose the line. In Word, start with the "drawing" button on the "Standard Tool Bar," which is the icon with the triangle, square and circle.

Once the line is in your document, you see the "handles." Grab these to move or resize the line. The right mouse button gives options such as cut, copy, delete, and edit. Edit lets you control the size of the line and the patterns (e.g.. single line, d ouble line, etc.).

Borders

In WordPerfect, borders are basically custom figure boxes (Graphics (Alt-G), Figure) (you may use most any kind of box with the Border/Fill button (or right-click of the mouse option) selected). In Word, choose Format (Alt-R), Borders & Spacing.

When you see the border, you typically have options to specify styles such as thin, thick, shadowed, double and triple lines. If you are working on a project in which you will place high quality art and want to leave blank space choose "Spacing Only" i n WordPerfect.

Keeping Text Together

Widowed and orphaned lines are usually the first or last line of a paragraph which get separated onto two different pages because of a page break. To prevent this from happening, choose:

• In WordPerfect 6.0, Layout (Alt-L), then Page, Keep Text Together, check the "Widow/Orphan" box and then OK, or
• In WordPerfect 6.1, Format (Alt-R), then Page, Keep Text Together, check the "Widow/Orphan" box and then OK, or
• In Word, choose Format (Alt-R), Paragraphs, then "Text Flow" tab and "Widow/Orphan Control."

Block protect is another way to keep text together. It is especially useful for keeping a heading with the first paragraph. First, select text.

• In WordPerfect 6.0, choose Layout (Alt-L), then Page, Keep Text Together, check Block Protect and then OK, or
• In WordPerfect 6.1, choose Format (Alt-F), then Page, Keep Text Together, check Block Protect and then OK, or
• In Word, choose Format (Alt-R), Paragraphs, then "Text Flow" tab and "Keep Lines Together."

In WordPerfect, you can use Conditional End Of Page (same location) to specify the number of lines you want to keep together (default is 2).

Tables

Name, City	SSN	Qualification
John Smith, Anywhere	000-00-0000	Program 1-A, 2-D, 3-A
Mary Smith, Somewhere	999-99-9999	Program 3-D, 4-C

WordPerfect and Word allow you to create tables. Choose any of these options:

• In WordPerfect, choose Table (Alt-T), Create, or
• In WordPerfect, press F12
• In Word, choose Table (Alt-T), Autoformat,
• In Word, choose the Table Wizard from Table Menu, Insert Table, Wizard.

You may then specify the number of rows and columns for the table. In WordPerfect 6.0, from the "Power Bar," choose the icon that has a heading and a 4x2 matrix of boxes. Then, use the mouse to display a matrix for the table.

If you need to delete a WordPerfect table, select lines above and below the table and then press Delete. You may need to reveal codes and find the "Tbl Def" code. WordPerfect will give you options about deleting the whole table or just resizing it.

Center Page, Make Fit, etc.

You may center your text between the top and bottom margins of the page by choosing the Center Page option.

• In WordPerfect 6.0 choose Layout (Alt-L), then Page, Center, and specify if you want to center just the current page, or the current and all subsequent pages, or
• In WordPerfect 6.1 choose Format (Alt-R), then Page, Center, and specify if you want to center just the current page, or the current and all subsequent pages, or
• In Word, choose File (Alt-F), Page Setup, Layout Tool, and Vertical Alignment, Centered.

WordPerfect 6.1 allows you to make your text fit a specified amount of space. You should probably save your work before doing this. Then, from Format (Alt-R), choose the "Make It Fit Expert." You can adjust margins, font size and line spacing and choos e the number of pages in which you want the document to fit. Then, click OK.

Trouble-Shooting:

You may start the command you are trying, then press F1 or choose Help (Alt-H).

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Columns

You may also specify the border or fill for the columns in WordPerfect. Remember to use the pointer to move the text where you want it to end.

Trouble-Shooting:

In WordPerfect, balanced newspaper columns work best when there are no characters or lines between the column on command and the first character of the text, and no characters or lines between the last character and the column off command. It is very dif ficult to get both columns to end at exactly the same point, especially if there are any lines with different size fonts try the "Make It Fit Wizard" (Alt-R) in WordPerfect 6.1.

Press F1 or choose Help (Alt-H) at any time.

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Portrait vs. Landscape Orientations

In WordPerfect 6.0 choose Layout (Alt-L) or in WordPerfect 6.1 or Word, choose Format (Alt-F), then Columns and begin with Define Columns. At that point, you may specify the number of columns and the type of column. In WordPerfect, "Newspaper" i s the typical type of

column, while "Balanced Newspaper" forces the text into more even block (the bottoms of each column are near the same line). Parallel columns are what you would use if you were needing to setup table-type data.

Portrait is the term used to describe paper in its usual format, 8-1/2" wide by 11" tall.	Landscape is the term used to describe the paper turned 90 degrees to 11" wide by 8-1/2" tall.

Portrait or Landscape is selected when you are choosing page size:

• In WordPerfect 6.0, Layout (Alt-L), Page, Paper Size, or
• In WordPerfect 6.1, Format (Alt-R), Page, Paper Size, or
• In Word, File (Alt-F), Page Setup, Paper Size.

If you are printing booklets or some posters, you probably want to choose landscape.

Trouble-Shooting:

In WordPerfect, the portrait or landscape command must be placed before any text is entered into the document. If you want to change orientation, start a new document (File, New). Then select the orientation; the window should show the change. Switch b ack (Window) to the original document, select the entire document (Edit, Select, All), and Copy ( Edit, Copy) the text. Switch back to the new document (Window), and Paste (Edit, Paste) the text into the new document.

WordPerfect usually handles the printer well, but on some occasions in Windows, a program will be set for one orientation, while the Print Manager will be set for the other. If the page has a large bottom border with text missing like it was supposed to print further to the right side, the printer orientation is set for portrait while the page layout is set for landscape. If the page has a large right border with text missing on the bottom, the printer is set for landscape and the page layout for portra it.

Press F1 or choose Help (Alt-H) at any time.

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Envelopes and Labels

Envelopes

Printing envelopes can be one of the most frustrating experiences with electronic data processing. If you use a dot-matrix printer with continuous form paper, the envelopes probably are not on carriers with the sprocket holes. If you use a laser printer , you probably don't have an envelope tray and even if you do it holds only a few envelopes.

WordPerfect tries to make envelope printing easy. In 6.0 choose Layout (Alt-L) or in 6.1 Format (Alt-R), then Envelope. You can enter the return address (and whether or not to print it), the mailing address, and choose the fonts and size. If you select "Append to Doc", WordPerfect creates a new document for you; otherwise you can print the envelope now.

In Word, choose File (Alt-F), Setup Page, Paper Size, then choose Envelopes, then Landscape.

To comply with new postal regulations, you will probably want to enter addresses in a plain font in all upper case characters and no punctuation. Then, add the PostNet bar code. In WordPerfect, choose Insert (Alt-I), Other, Bar Code, and type the ZIP-Co de, the four digit Add-On, and the delivery point (which is usually the last two digits of the street address). In Word, choose Insert (Alt-I), Field, Barcode or Tools (Alt-T), Envelopes and Labels, Options, "Delivery Point Barcode."

Labels

Labels are very easy on WordPerfect or Word.

• In WordPerfect 6.0, choose Layout (Alt-L), followed by Label.
• In WordPerfect 6.1 choose Format (Alt-R), followed by Label.
• In Word, choose Tools (Alt-T), Envelopes and Labels, Labels.

Then, specify the label number (or equivalent) and click OK. The screen shows a gray background with white space for the first label.

In WordPerfect, after each address (and Postnet, of course), press Ctrl-Enter.

Edit or print the labels like you would any other document. Very often you will save an entire set of labels for a later mailing.

Trouble-Shooting:

If you have several envelopes to print, you will probably want to feed them through the printer one at a time. If a laser printer jams, follow the procedures and the printer will probably attempt the envelope again in fact it may print the same one twi ce.

Press F1 or choose Help (Alt-H) at any time.

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Merge / Form Letters

It takes two documents to create a form letter. First is the WordPerfect "data file," or the Word "Data Source" which contains information such as names and addresses. Second is the WordPerfect "Form file," or the Word "Main Document" which is the form letter itself. You must create both documents before you can merge. Both, along with the final merge, are at Tools (Alt-T), Merge (or Shift-F9 in WordPerfect).

When you create the data file, WordPerfect presents you with a "Create Data File" form that lets you specify the names of the fields for the file. For example, you may enter:

   NAME
   AGENCY
   ADDRESS
   CITY
   ST
   ZIPCD

Click OK when you've entered the names of all the fields. WordPerfect now gives you a "Quick Data Entry" screen. You may enter the names and addresses and click "Next Record" after each is entered. Save the file when you finish with a ".DAT" extension.

When you create the form file, you will be asked if you want to associate the form file with a data file. Press the "Insert Field" button, select each field you want to include, then use carriage returns, etc. to format the document. Type the rest of t he form and save the document with a ".FRM" extension.

From a blank document, choose Tools, Merge. This time, choose Merge. You may browse for the "Form File" and the "Data File." Generally, you will output to the current document. Choose "Envelopes" if you are making envelopes.

See the section on "Envelopes" for ideas.

Trouble-Shooting:

Choose "Options" if the merge didn't produce the results you expect.

Press F1 or choose Help (Alt-H) at any time.

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Booklets and Sub-Divided Pages

WordPerfect allows you to print booklets.

In order to print a 5-1/2" x 8-1/2" booklet, follow these steps: Select Landscape format (Layout (Alt-L) in 6.0 or Format (Alt-R) in 6.0, followed by Page, Paper Size, Letter Landscape). Subdivide the Page into two halves by choosing Layout (Alt-L) in 6.0 or Format (Alt-F) in 6.1, Page, Subdivide Page. Then, enter 2 columns. When you begin typing, you will see a white space for document and a shaded area on the left. As soon as you complete text for the left page, the right side (where it was shaded) turns to white.

When you are ready to print, choose File, Print (or Ctrl-P). Be sure to click the "Options" button, and check "Booklet Printing." WordPerfect should print part of the pages, then prompt you to reinsert pages in a specified order so that it can print th e reverse side.

Note: Usually, you'll want to print several copies of a booklet. Print just one copy to be sure the layout is correct, then print the large number of copies.

Trouble-Shooting:

You have to watch when you want print booklets after you retrieve a document from disk. Remember to specify "Booklet Printing" under options. You might want to put a comment at the top of the document to remind you to do this!

Press F1 or choose Help (Alt-H) at any time.

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Headers, Footers, Watermarks

Headers appear at the top of pages; footers appear at the bottom of pages. Watermarks appear as backgrounds under the page.

To create a header or footer (if you need both, repeat this procedure):

• In WordPerfect 6.0, choose Layout (Alt-L), then Header/Footer and click the Create Button. You'll have a new document to create the header or footer, or
• In WordPerfect 6.1, choose Format (Alt-R), then Header/Footer and click the Create Button. You'll have a new document to create the header or footer, or
• In Word, choose Insert (Alt-I), Drawing Object or Word Art Object in the header or footer. Click. Remember to send behind the object.

To create a watermark in WordPerfect, choose Layout (Alt-L) in 6.0 or Format (Alt-R) in 6.1, then Watermark. You may then create the watermark, following procedures similar to those used in creating graphics.

To suppress a header, footer or watermark (don't print it on a given page) in WordPerfect, choose Layout (Alt-L) in 6.0 or Format (Alt-R) in 6.1, followed by Format, Page, Suppress and indicate what you want to eliminate (suppress). There is an "all" opt ion and an option to print the page number at the bottom center of the current page.

Trouble-Shooting:

Watch pressing Enter after the header or before the footer you may get more space than you expected.

Press F1 or choose Help (Alt-H) at any time.

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Making Work Easier

Macros

Macros give you the ability to record a set of keystrokes you find yourself repeating over and over. Examples are addresses and signature lines.

To record (create) a macro in WordPerfect, choose Tools (Alt-T), Macro, Record (or Ctrl-F10), then specify a file name. When you are finished, press the button labeled with a black square. In Word, choose Tools (Alt-T), Macro, specify the name and then record.

To play (retrieve) a macro in WordPerfect, choose Tools (Alt-T), Macro, Play (or Alt-F10), then pick the file name. The macro plays back, typing characters as it goes. In Word, choose Tools (Alt-T), Macro, specify the name to play, then "Run."

CAUTION:

Microsoft Word macros are stored and retrieved in a language which can carry a virus. Use caution in using macros you do not create or in loading documents which contain macros that you are not sure are safe.

Comments/Annotations

WordPerfect Comments or Word Annotations appear on your screen, but not in the printed document. Use them freely throughout your document.

• In WordPerfect, choose Insert (Alt-I), Comment, followed by Create to make the comment the first time. Choose Edit to change the comment. Or, choose "Convert to Text" if you want to make the comment part of your printed document.
• In Word, choose Insert (Alt-I), Annotation. You'll see a split screen where you can type. Close it when finished.

To remove a comment, you can usually position the insertion point on the comment balloon and press "Del." You may need to "reveal codes" and place the insertion point immediately after the comment then press "Backspace" to delete the comment.

Templates

Templates are document styles you can predefine to help you get started more quickly, or to help you quickly format the style of a document. To use a pre-defined template, choose File (Alt-F), New, then pick the template.

See also, Initial Codes in WordPerfect.

Trouble-Shooting:

Press F1 or choose Help (Alt-H) at any time.

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WordPerfect Keyboard Shortcuts

First, position the cursor (insertion point). Then: after typing text)

Code	Action
Ctrl B	Bold text (can do before and after typing text)
Ctrl C	Copy text
Ctrl D	Insert Date Text
Ctrl E	Center text
Ctrl F	Font . . .
Ctrl G	Go to . . .
Ctrl H	Paragraph Numbering
Ctrl I	Italicize text (can do before and after typing text)
Ctrl J	Full Justification
Ctrl K	Switch Case of Word
Ctrl L	Left Justification
Ctrl N	Open new document window
Ctrl O	Open existing document
Ctrl P	Print document
Ctrl Q	Find Bookmark/Quickmark
Ctrl R	Right Justification
Ctrl-T	Templates (immediately in 6.0) (choose after Ctrl-T in 6.1)
Ctrl T	Open new document (6.1 only)
Ctrl U	Underline text (can do before and
Ctrl V	Paste text
Ctrl W	Insert Characters
Ctrl X	Cut text
Ctrl Z	Undo
Ctrl Enter	New (hard) page
Ctrl Space	Hard space
Ctrl -	Hard hyphen
Home	Beginning of Line (Do it twice to get before codes)
End	Go to end of line
Ctrl Home	Go to top of document (Do it twice to get before codes)
Ctrl End	Go to end of document
Alt F3	Reveal Codes
F1	Help
Ctrl-F1	Speller
Alt-F1	Thesaurus
Shift-Alt-F1	Grammar Checker
F2	Find . . .
Shift-F2	Next Occurrence
Alt-F2	Previous Occurrence
Ctrl-F2	Replace . . .
F3	Save As . . .
Ctrl-F3	Refresh Screen
Ctrl-Shift-F3	Paragraph Marks
Alt-F3	Reveal Codes
F4	Close
Shift-F4	Close w/o Saving
Alt-F4	Quit WordPerfect
F5	Print . . .
Shift-F5	Print Preview (view, zoom, 100 to exit)
Ctrl-F5	Draft Mode
Alt-F5	Page View Mode
Shift-Alt-F5	Hide Screen Tools (Esc, or Alt-V, Hide Bars to Restore)
Ctrl-F6	Next Open Document Window
Ctrl-Shift-F6	Previous Open Document Window
F7	Indent Paragraph
Shift-F7	Center
Ctrl-F7	Hanging Indent
Alt-F7	Right Align
Ctrl-Shift-F7	Indent One Tab Stop From Both Left & Right Margins
Ctrl-F8	Margins . . .
F9	Font . . .
Shift-F9	Retrieve Merge . . .
Shift-F10	Repeat . . .
Ctrl-F10	Record Macro
Alt-F10	Play Macro
F11	Insert Graphic
Ctrl-F11	Insert Horizontal Line
Ctrl-Shift-F11	Insert Vertical Line

The "Insert" key toggles between type-over and overstrike modes.

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Word Keyboard Shortcuts

First, position the cursor (insertion point). Then:

Code	Action
Ctrl A	Select All
Ctrl C	Copy text
Ctrl F	Find
Ctrl G	Go to . . .
Ctrl H	Replace
Ctrl K	Start Autoformat
Ctrl M	Indent
Ctrl N	New Document Window
Ctrl O	Open existing document
Ctrl P	Print
Ctrl Q	Remove formatting
Ctrl S	Save
Ctrl T	Hanging indent
Ctrl V	Paste text
Ctrl W	Close
Ctrl X	Cut text
Ctrl Y	Repeat
Ctrl Z	Undo

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Psychology and Sociology Department
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