Artificial Intelligence
Updated: 2008-04-08
Definition
- The attempt to make computers perform intelligent actions.
- However, the definition of what constitutes AI appears to
change as it develops. In other words, when a computer does
something intelligent, that performance is no longer deemed as
AI.
Subfields
- Natural Language Processing
- The attempt to get computers to understand spoken
speech.
- Voice recognition has been a recent breakthrough
- Lexical analysis is still a problem
- Chess and other games
- Games are an old area in AI
- Checkers and Backgammon are understood
- Chess is falling fast (Deep Blue)
- Good example of strong AI
- Robotics
- "Hard AI"
- Difficult because of the constraints of the real world
- Autonomous Navigation
- robots that think for themselves as they navigate
through the world
- Google: Robotics
- Expert Systems
- Another success of AI
- Consist of knowledge base and inference engine
- Critics (Dreyfus) claim that such expert knowledge is
shallower than that of human experts
- Many expert systems have been developed
- Knowledge Retrieval and Data Mining
- Newer area
- Consists of finding difficult to see patterns in large
groups of data (i.e., stock market)
- Agents
- Consist of software that can search a database
- Many use the Internet as their domain
- Another newer area
- Knowledge Representation
- How is knowledge represented?
- How do humans represent knowledge?
- How should computers represent knowledge?
- Parallel Distributed Processing
- Alternative to von Neumann serial design
- Difficult to implement the software
- Machine Vision
- Another difficult area
- Problem is how to analyze and interpret the large amount of
data that is collected
- Machine Learning
- How can machines be made to learn for themselves (i.e.,
like children do)?
URLs
- AI
Education Repository --index, basic, short, links,
graphics
- Divided into two parts, the first covers: syllabi,
books, papers, tools, and other resources. The second part
is topical and covers: expert systems, fuzzy logic,
knowledge representation, logic and reasoning, natural
language processing, neural networks, robotics, search and
game playing, vision, and other topics. http://www.cacs.usl.edu/~manaris/ai-education-repository/index.html
- Natural
Language Processing FAQ
- Beeline
- Game
index page
- Chess
- Checkers
- Navlab
--text,
- Fuzzy
expert systems FAQ
- Expert
systems FAQ index
- Data Mining
FAQ
- Tools
for data mining
- Data
mining resource page
- Knowledge Discovery in Databases
- What is an
intelligent agent
- Knowledge
Representation (index page)
- Knowledge
Representation (tutorial)
- FAQ
- Machine
Vision Library (index page)
- Machine
Vision for Autonomous Navigation
- FAQs
for AI (index page)
- SOAR
(the late Allen Newell's project)
- Artificial
Intelligence Methods--tutorial, interm., medium, links,
graphics
- Artificial
Intelligence--tutorial, interm., long, links,
graphics
- AI
on the Web--index, interm., long, links
- Very comprehensive site (680 links) on artificial
intelligence (AI), organized like the book, AI: A Modern
Approach. Topics covered are: overview of AI,
intelligent agents, search and game playing, logic and
knowledge representation, planning, reasoning with
uncertainty, machine learning, natural language processing,
perception and robotics, philosophy and the future, and AI
programming. Links to other AI sites are also included.
http://http.cs.berkeley.edu/~russell/ai.html
- Artificial
Intelligence Resources--index, interm., short, links,
graphics
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